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Nauka (ISS module)
''Nauka'' ((ロシア語:Нау́ка); lit. ''Science''), also known as the Multipurpose Laboratory Module (MLM), (Russian: ''Многофункциональный лабораторный модуль'', or ''МЛМ''), is a component of the International Space Station (ISS) which has not yet been launched into space. The MLM is funded by the Russian Federal Space Agency. In the original ISS plans, ''Nauka'' was to use the location of the Docking and Storage Module. Later, the DSM was moved to ''Zarya''s nadir port and named ''Rassvet''. Planners anticipate ''Nauka'' will dock at ''Zvezda''s nadir port, replacing ''Pirs''.
The launch of ''Nauka'', initially planned for 2007, has been repeatedly delayed. During 2013, the launch was re-scheduled to April 2014 and then to June 2014; NASA documents at that time indicated that the module would not fly before November 2015.〔(MLM (FGB-2) module of the ISS ) - RussianSpaceWeb〕〔(О запусках новых российских модулей МКС )〕〔(Роскосмос сообщил НАСА, что модуль МЛМ не войдет в состав МКС в 2014 г. )〕 In April 2014 it emerged that the target date for launch was postponed to February 2017, as it became necessary to manufacture a new propulsion system for the module.〔
==Original plans for Nauka==
In the 1990s, plans for the Russian segment of the ISS included several research modules that were intended to be adjunct to ''Zarya'' and ''Zvezda''. In these earlier plans, the now-cancelled complex of the Universal Docking Module (UDM) and the two newly developed Russian Research Modules were to be attached ''Zvezda''s nadir port – the UDM was to be based on the Functional Cargo Block FGB-2. The FGB-2 was originally build as a backup for the original launch of the ''Zarya'' (FGB) module – FGB-2's construction had been halted at 70-percent completeness in the late 1990s.
However, the plans changed in the early 2000s. In August 2004, it was decided to build the ''Nauka'' ISS module based on the FGB-2. During that time there was an alternate, rejected proposal for ''Nauka'' from RKK Energia, based on the cancelled Commercial Enterprise Module (entertainment and studio module), which was to be jointly funded by RKK Energia and SPACEHAB.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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